Cyanine-based dyes: highly sensitive sensors for the detection of the hypochlorite levels in drinking water based on fluorometry

of two


Materials and methods Materials
The

Instruments
The fluorescence spectra were measured using JASCO FP-8200 Spectrofluorometer.AD1000 bench pHmeter was used to determine the pH.were found to be linearly related (Fig. 1d).The detection limit (LOD) for HOCl/OCl -was calculated to be 2.46 nM and the quantification limit (LOQ) was calculated to be 8.21 nM.

Selectivity over other anions and metal ions
The cyanine derivatives sensor (I,

Conclusion
et al., 2022).On the other hand, it is one of the biologically significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is essential for the immune system (Gomes et al., ), sensitive and focused probes are needed.Additionally, its detection in biological and environmental samples, such as tap water and natural water, may be relevant to the biochemical study.amperometric titration (Salazar et al., 2016), potentiometry (Saboe et al., 2021), fluorescence (Lu et al., 2016; Nguyen et al., 2018; He et al., 2021), and colorimetric techniques (Lou et al., .The developed sensors were used to determine the concentration of hypochlorite in real samples with high sensitivity, selectivity, and lower detection limits compared to other methods (Bu et al., 2022).
Scheme (1): Chemical structures of the synthesized cyanine sensors I (a) and II (b).
ion in an aqueous solution, including high specificity, low LOD, and quick response times.The sensors might also be used to identify the presence of hypochlorite ions in a variety of tap water and drinking water samples.

Alganzory et al., 2017). All
additional supplies used in this work were of the analytical grade.
) showed high selectivity for ClO -over other analytes, such as Zn 2+ , Ni 2+ , Co 2+ , water set by WHO (Reddy, 2023), indicating sensor could be an effective tool to quantitatively detect HOCl/OCl - in aqueous media.

Table ( 1):
Comparison of the limit of detection (LOD) for the detection of ClO -/HClO with

Table ( 2
): Validation for sensors (I, II) using fluorometry II) with the standard addition method.The average recovery rate of ClO -in the real water samples is about 97.4~103% and excellent analytical precision (<4%) in detecting ClO -spiked water samples, indicating that our sensors are effective for ClO -in the real water samples as shown in Table (2).